ELECTRIC VEHICLE PARADIGM SHIFT
  • HOME
  • PROJECT DEFINITION
  • BACKGROUND
    • ELECTRIC VEHICLES
      • Electric Vehicle Technology
      • TCO Comparison
      • Battery Price Decline
    • POLICY
      • UK
      • EU
      • Worldwide
    • CURRENT UK ENERGY
  • EV PROJECTIONS
    • INTERACTIVE TOOL
    • VEHICLE STATISTICS
    • NUMBER OF CARS PROJECTIONS
    • SCENARIOS
  • IMPLICATIONS
    • TECHNICAL
      • Electricity Demand
      • Grid Infrastructure
      • Public Charging Infrastructure
    • ECONOMIC
      • Tax Revenue Lost
      • EV Electricity Charging Price
    • PRACTICAL
      • Social
    • SUSTAINABLE
      • Lithium Requirements
      • Rare Earth Elements
      • Tailpipe Emissions
        • CO2
        • NOx
      • Particulates
    • RESULTS
  • OVERALL ASSESSMENT
  • FUTURE WORK
  • REFERENCES
  • ABOUT US
  • HOME
  • PROJECT DEFINITION
  • BACKGROUND
    • ELECTRIC VEHICLES
      • Electric Vehicle Technology
      • TCO Comparison
      • Battery Price Decline
    • POLICY
      • UK
      • EU
      • Worldwide
    • CURRENT UK ENERGY
  • EV PROJECTIONS
    • INTERACTIVE TOOL
    • VEHICLE STATISTICS
    • NUMBER OF CARS PROJECTIONS
    • SCENARIOS
  • IMPLICATIONS
    • TECHNICAL
      • Electricity Demand
      • Grid Infrastructure
      • Public Charging Infrastructure
    • ECONOMIC
      • Tax Revenue Lost
      • EV Electricity Charging Price
    • PRACTICAL
      • Social
    • SUSTAINABLE
      • Lithium Requirements
      • Rare Earth Elements
      • Tailpipe Emissions
        • CO2
        • NOx
      • Particulates
    • RESULTS
  • OVERALL ASSESSMENT
  • FUTURE WORK
  • REFERENCES
  • ABOUT US

REFERENCES

Below is a list of all references used in the website, organised by page on the website. The references are in the order in which they appear on the page. 
​EV Technology
Batteries for Electric Cars - Challenges,Opportunities, and the Outlook to 2020 (Page no.6)
​https://www.bcg.com/documents/file36615.pdf

REE- End Use and Recyclability (Page no. 15)
https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5094/pdf/sir2011-5094.pdf

Bosch Mobility solutions Regenerative Breaking Systems.
https://www.bosch-mobility-solutions.com/en/products-and-services/passenger-cars-and-light-commercial-vehicles/driving-safety-systems/regenerative-braking-systems/

Nissan Leaf features
https://www.nissan.co.uk/vehicles/new-vehicles/leaf/intelligent-mobility.html
 
Electric Vehicle in Europe (Page no. 6)
https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/electric-vehicles-in-europe​
​

TCO Comparison
Price of Nissan Leaf Acenta
https://goultralow.nextgreencar.uk/home-charging-calculator/vehicle-detail

Price of Honda Civic
http://www.honda.co.uk/cars/new/civic-5-door/overview.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI37WTuaig2gIVuArTCh2vbQtREAAYASAAEgKd1vD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds&dclid=CJ3E2ryooNoCFYunGwodHBUFiQ#configurator/hub/grade-engine

Registration Fee for Honda Civic (Page 2)
http://www.honda.co.uk/content/dam/local/uk/brochures/cars/Civic%20Price%20List%202016.pdf

Service Cost for Honda Civic
http://www.honda.co.uk/cars/owners/0-3-years-old.html

Nissan Leaf's major servicing cost
https://www.nissan.co.uk/ownership/nissan-services/service-care.html

Vehicle Excise Duty for Honda Civic
(Tax Benefits for ultra low emission vehicles. (Page no. 4 of the PDF))
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/670515/ultra-low-emission-vehicles-tax-benefits.pdf

Fuel Price
https://www.petrolprices.com/

Fuel tank Capcity of Honda Civic
http://www.honda.co.uk/cars/new/civic-5-door/specifications.html

WLTP range for Nissan leaf
https://www.nissan.co.uk/experience-nissan/electric-vehicle-leadership/ev-car-battery-benefits.html

Cost of Charging
https://www.goultralow.com/how-do-you-charge-an-electric-car/home-charging-calculator/

Government Grant for home charging
https://www.goultralow.com/electric-car-savings/electric-car-grants-and-savings/


Battery Price Decline
Lithium ion battery costs and market (Page 3) 
https://data.bloomberglp.com/bnef/sites/14/2017/07/BNEF-Lithium-ion-battery-costs-and-market.pdf

Global EV Outlook 2017 (Page no 14) 
https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/GlobalEVOutlook2017.pdf

Speeding up European Electromobility (Page no 20) 
https://www.transportenvironment.org/sites/te/files/publications/Speeding%20up%20European%20Electro-Mobility.pdf


UK Policy
UK plans for tackling roadside nitrogen dioxide concentrations, An overview (2017), Department for Transport
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/633269/air-quality-plan-overview.pdf

​Low-emission vehicles eligible for a plug-in grant, Gov.uk
https://www.gov.uk/plug-in-car-van-grants/what-youll-get%20accessed%206/5/18

Discounts & exemptions, Transport for London
​https://tfl.gov.uk/modes/driving/congestion-charge/discounts-and-exemptions
accessed 6/5/18 

​Vehicles exempt from vehicle tax, Gov.uk
https://www.gov.uk/vehicle-exempt-from-vehicle-tax
accessed 6/5/18 

Workplace Charging Scheme guidance for applicants, installers and manufacturers, Gov.uk (21/11/2016)
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/workplace-charging-scheme-guidance-for-applicants-installers-and-manufacturers
accessed 6/5/18
 
Grant Schemes for electric vehicle charging infrastructure, Gov.uk (22/12/2016)
https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/government-grants-for-low-emission-vehicles
accessed 6/5/18


​EU Policy
2020 climate & energy package, European Commission 
https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/2020_en 
accessed 8/5/18
 
Decarbonisation, Mobility and Transport, European Commission
https://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/road/road-initiatives/decarbonisation_en
accessed 8/5/18
 
Energy Union: Commission takes action to reinforce EU's global leadership in clean vehicles, European Commission (2018) 
https://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/road/news/2017-11-08-driving-clean-mobility_en
accessed 8/5/18

Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32007R0715
accessed 8/5/18

EU action to curb air pollution by cars: Questions and Answers (2017), European Commission, Press Release Database
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-17-2821_en.htm
accessed 8/5/18
 

Worldwide Policy. Canada Case
Canadian Installed Generating Capacity by Class of Electricity Producer 
http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&id=1270009

Governement of Canada Energy Policy 
https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/energy-resources/15903

Ontario Ministry of Transportation 
http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/vehicles/electric/electric-vehicle-incentive-program.shtm

Current UK Energy
Power station in the UK, May 2017, DUKES 5.11 
https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/electricity-chapter-5-digest-of-united-kingdom-energy-statistics-dukes

Digest of UK Energy Statistics DUKES p38, 60, 90, 112 
https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/digest-of-uk-energy-statistics-dukes-2017-main-report​


Vehicle Statistics 
UK Government Statistical Data Set Table VEH0203 
https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/veh02-licensed-cars

UK Government Statistical Data Set Table NTS0902 
​
https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/nts09-vehicle-mileage-and-occupancy


Number of Cars
​
Transport Statistics Great Britain 2017. UK Department for Transport (Pages 272 to 273) and (Pages 211 to 215)
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/664323/tsgb-2017-print-ready-version.pdf

Road Traffic Forecasts 2015 (Pages 20 and 41) 
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/411471/road-traffic-forecasts-2015.pdf

Future Energy Scenarios 2017. National Grid (Page 40). 
http://fes.nationalgrid.com/media/1253/final-fes-2017-updated-interactive-pdf-44-amended.pdf


Electricity Demand
GridWatch Live National UK Grid Analysis Tool 
http://www.gridwatch.templar.co.uk/

UK Government Statistical Data Set Table NTS0902 
https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/nts09-vehicle-mileage-and-occupancy

Grid Infrastructure 
https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/nts09-vehicle-mileage-and-occupancy


Grid Infrastructure
IEC 60038:2009, IEC Standard Voltages, 2009 
https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/153

IEA-ETSAP, Electricity Transmission & Distribution, 2014 
https://iea-etsap.org/E-TechDS/PDF/E12_el-t&d_KV_Apr2014_GSOK.pdf
​

UK Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, postnote, Electricity in the UK, 2007 
https://www.iop.org/education/higher_education/fellowship/file_43354.pdf

My Electric Avenue, EA Technology 
http://myelectricavenue.info/sites/default/files/Summary%20report.pdf
​


Public Charging Infrastructure 
ICF (2016),  Overview of the Electric Vehicle market and the potential of charge points for demand response, pp11
https://www.nve.no/Media/4053/icf_-uk_overview-of-the-electric-vehicle-market_160316.pdf

Our Energy Insights (2017), National Grid  
http://fes.nationalgrid.com/insights/forecourt-thoughts-mass-fast-charging-of-electric-vehicles/
 

Tax Revenue Lost
Number of Petrol and Diesel Cars in the UK. Transport Statistics Great Britain 2017 
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/699033/veh0203.ods

Petrol and Diesel Car Consumption in the UK. Department for Transport 
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/661672/env0101.ods

Fuel prices explained: A breakdown of the cost of petrol and diesel. Office for National Statistics 
https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/articles/fuelpricesexplainedabreakdownofthecostofpetrolanddiesel/2016-01-22


EV Electricity Charging Price
Average variable unit costs and standing charges for standard electricity in 2017 for UK regions.
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy 

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/695142/table_224.xls


Social and Behavioural
Table 49: [Sustainable travel] Would you consider buying a plug-in electric car or van? (2016)
​
https://www.transport.gov.scot/publication/26-september-2017-transport-and-travel-in-scotland-2016/table-49-sustainable-travel-would-you-consider-buying-a-plug-in-electric-car-or-van-2016/
accessed 8/5/18
 
Table 50: [Sustainable travel] Reasons for having bought or would consider buying a plug-in electric car or van (2016), Transport Scotland 
https://www.transport.gov.scot/publication/26-september-2017-transport-and-travel-in-scotland-2016/table-50-sustainable-travel-reasons-for-having-bought-or-would-consider-buying-a-plug-in-electric-car-or-van-2016/
accessed 8/5/18


Lithium Requirement
Electric Vehicles in the Europe - European Environment Agency (Page no.7)
http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/electric-vehicles-in-europe

Mineral Commodity Summaries - 2018 (USGS) (Page 103)
https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2018/mcs2018.pdf

Cornish Lithium Ltd -
https://www.cornishlithium.com/
​


Rare Earth Elements
REE - End Use and Recyclability (Page no 15)
https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5094/pdf/sir2011-5094.pdf

Development of a sustainable exploration scheme for Europe's Rare Earth Ore Deposits (Page no 104)
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/517487/1/s10.pdf

Sustainable Materials and Technologies (Page no. 5)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214993715000032


​Carbon Dioxide 
Car and Taxis CO2 tailpipe emissionsTransport Statistics Great Britain 2017 (page 82).
Department for Transport.
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/664323/tsgb-2017-print-ready-version.pdf
accessed 8/5/18
 
De Wilde, H. P. J. Kroon, P. (2013) Policy options to reduce passenger cars CO2 emissions after 2020, ECN, 
https://www.ecn.nl/docs/library/report/2013/e13005.pdf
accessed 8/5/18
 
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32007R0715
accessed 8/5/18
 
Total EmissionsCarbon dioxide emissions by IPCC category
(IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/666257/Annex-c-carbon-dioxide-emissions-by-IPCC-category.xls
accessed 8/5/18
 

Nitrous Oxide
Transport Statistics Great Britain (2017),Department for Transport, pp 83
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/664323/tsgb-2017-print-ready-version.pdf
 
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32007R0715
 
Department for Environmental Food and Rural Affairs, pp 15
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/681445/Emissions_of_air_pollutants_statistical_release_FINALv4.pdf
accessed 8/5/18
 

Particulates 
European Environment Agency - Air quality in Europe (2014) 
https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2014

Diversity in human hair growth, diameter, colour and shape 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27019510

Non-exhaust PM emissions from electric vehicles 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135223101630187X#bib26


Future 
Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging, Qualcomm
​https://www.qualcomm.com/solutions/automotive/wevc

Umicore - Global Materials and Recycling Group 
http://www.umicore.com/

Retriev Technologies - Global Leaders in Battery Recycling and Management 
http://retrievtech.com/

Li-Cycle - New Start-up Battery Recycling Company 
https://www.li-cycle.com/

Tesla's Closed Loop Battery Recycling Program 
https://www.tesla.com/en_GB/blog/teslas-closed-loop-battery-recycling-program
GO BACK TO: FUTURE WORK
GO AHEAD TO: ABOUT US
  • HOME
  • PROJECT DEFINITION
  • BACKGROUND
    • ELECTRIC VEHICLES
      • Electric Vehicle Technology
      • TCO Comparison
      • Battery Price Decline
    • POLICY
      • UK
      • EU
      • Worldwide
    • CURRENT UK ENERGY
  • EV PROJECTIONS
    • INTERACTIVE TOOL
    • VEHICLE STATISTICS
    • NUMBER OF CARS PROJECTIONS
    • SCENARIOS
  • IMPLICATIONS
    • TECHNICAL
      • Electricity Demand
      • Grid Infrastructure
      • Public Charging Infrastructure
    • ECONOMIC
      • Tax Revenue Lost
      • EV Electricity Charging Price
    • PRACTICAL
      • Social
    • SUSTAINABLE
      • Lithium Requirements
      • Rare Earth Elements
      • Tailpipe Emissions
        • CO2
        • NOx
      • Particulates
    • RESULTS
  • OVERALL ASSESSMENT
  • FUTURE WORK
  • REFERENCES
  • ABOUT US