Particulate Matter
Particulate matter, or soot, measured in its diameter and classified typically under 2.5 and 10 micrometers (PM2.5 & PM10), is emitted in the atmosphere through both natural and anthropogenic processes, with the European Environmental Agency (1) identifying it as one of the biggest environmental threats in Europe.
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European Union
As mentioned in the Policy section, the EU has set strong regulations with Euro 5 and Euro 6, limiting the particulate matter emission from cars to 5mg/km, however not being specific enough to quantify the limit with regards to the class of PM2.5 and PM10. Health Effects Particulates are really small. To put that into perspective, the diameter of a human hair can range from 10 to 136 micrometers (2). That makes a PM2.5 to be ~55 times smaller than a human hair, and its dangers are associated with its small size, giving it abilities to penetrate deep into lung tissues. It is now widely accepted that particulates is a major source of pollution, and has the potential for significant adverse health effects. |
Particulate matter - source: US Environmental Protection Agency
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Non-exhaust emissions from cars
Road, tyre and brake wear
Non-exhaust emissions from cars
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Weight Vs Emissions (3)
There is a proved correlation between a vehicle's weight, and the emissions of particulate matter emissions. With electric vehicles being at least 200kg heavier than their conventional counterpart models, they emit significantly higher volumes of particulate matter into the atmosphere; compromising air quality and potentially the sustainability of electric vehicles' transition. |
Conclusion
To ensure the reduction of such emissions, there seems to be two clear approaches:
To ensure the reduction of such emissions, there seems to be two clear approaches:
- Reduction of weight
- Research and development of new materials for roads, tyres and brakes
REFERENCES
(1) European Environment Agency - Air quality in Europe (2014)
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(2) Diversity in human hair growth, diameter, colour and shape
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