Literature Review
The project began with a literature review, aimed at investigating available co-generation technologies that could utilise the whisky co-products. Areas of research were broken down into the following;
- CHP Technologies
- Fuel Types
- Co-product Treatment
To aid in managing the review process two methods were used. The first was a review matrix. Using an Excel spreadsheet this matrix allowed each paper that had been read by the members of the group to be tracked and the aspects that were relevant for the project. This matrix made it possible to see what areas of the literature review had been covered and what aspects needed further research.
Secondly a detailed overview of each paper or journal read was maintained, their relevance to the project and the pro's and con's of the issues raised by the paper.
Bibliography
The following are academic references that were used whilst conducting the literature review.
ALANKANGAS, E., KIRJAVAINEN, M., SIPILIA, K., 2004. Small-Scale Biomass CHP Technologies; Situation in Finland, Denmark and Sweden.
ALANNE, K., SAARI, A., 2003. Sustainable Small Scale CHP Technologies for Buildings: The Basis for Multi-Perspective Decision-Making.
BABUS'HAQ, R.F., ELDER, R.L., PROBERT, S.D., TAKI, Y., 1991. Design and Analysis of a Compact Gas Turbine for a CHP System.
BERNTSSON, T., HARVEY, S., MARBE, A., 2003. Biofuel Gasification Combined Heat and Power.
BULATOV, I., KLEMES, J., KUHN, V., 2008. MicroCHP: Overview of Selected Technologies, Products and Field Test Results.
CAO, W., NISHIYAMA, Y., 2003. Grain Intermittent Drying Characteristics Analyzed by Simplified Model.
DRAGONE, G., MUSSATTO, S.I., ROBERTO, I.C., 2006. Brewers Spent Grain: Generation Characteristics.
DUFAIT, N., MARTENS, A., VERBRUGGEN, A., 1993. Economic Evaluation of Independent CHP Projects.
EVANS, R., 1993. Environmental and Economic Implicatinos of Small-Scale CHP.
GOODWIN, J.A.S., STUART, J.B., 1994. Anaerobic Digestion of Malt Whisky Distillery Pot Ale.
GUANGWEN, X., HIDEHISA, T., TAKAHIRO, M., TOSHIYUKI, S., 2008. Efficient Gasification of Wet Biomas Residue to Produce Middle Caloric Gas.
GUANGWEN, X., TAKAHIRO, M., TOSHIYUKI, S., 2009. Two-Stage Dual Fluidized Bed Gasification.
JAY, A.J. et al, 2007. A Systematic Micro-Dissection of Brewers Spent Grain.
KEPPO, I., SAVOLA, T., 2004. Off-Design Simulation and Mathematical Modelling of Small-Scale CHP Plants at Part Loads.
MANIMARAN, A., MOHAN RAJ, S., VATSALA, T.M., 2008. A Pilot-Scale Study of Biohydrogen Production from Distillery.
MARKOWSKI, M. et al, 2009. Kinetics of Spouted-Bed Drying of Barley.
MATSUMARA, Y., et al, 2005. Biomass Gasification in Near- and Super-Critical Water.
MUKUNA, T., 1985. Fuel Production from a Brewery Residue.
QUAING LIU, F.W., 2001. A Model Predictive Controller for Grain Drying.
REAY, D.A., 1984. The Engineering Systems Approach to Small Scale Combined Heat and Power.
ROY-AIKINS, J.E.A., 1995. An Investigation Into the Factors That Determine the Attractiveness of Co-generation.
SINGH, A.K., TIWARI, G.N., 1993. Experimental Simulation of a Grain Drying System.
STROEM, L.K. et al, 2009. Superheated Steam Drying of Brewers Spent Grain in a Rotary Drum.
THOMPSON, A., 2006. An Investigation into the Implications of Using Very Wet Biomass as Fuel.
YOHANNAN, B.K., WALKER, G.M., WHITE, J.S., 2008. Bioconversion of Brewer's Spent Grain to Bioethanol.
WIMMERSTEDT, R., 1999. Recent Advances in Biofuel Drying.
Web Sites
The following websites contained information useful during the course of the project and includes manufacturers websites for those companies that provided us with data for their products.