We would like to express our gratitude to Dr Paul Tuohy for his guidance and support throughout the life-cycle of this project. Also, to Russell Pepper for his involvement and support. We also want to extend our thanks to other academics, such as Lewis Breen for his prior work on this project, and those attending the previous presentations for their helpful comments.
Further thanks must go to John and Christine Booth who were kind enough to not only answer our questions, but to suggest routes to visit generation locations on the island, teach us about the community's priorities, discuss the current network and how it came about, and for their wonderful hospitality in the form of tea, coffee and biscuits.
(1) Heat Strategy Team. (2012). The Future of Heating: A strategic framework for low carbon heat in the UK. London: Department of Energy and Climate Change.
(2) Scottish Government. (2009). Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009. London: Crown.
(3) Stryi-Hipp, G. (2016). Introduction to renewable heating and cooling. Technologies and Applications, 1-5
Eigg Overview
(1)- http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2009/03/20155542/37
Community Energy Scotland. Community renewable, energy Toolkit, Annex 2, eCase studies. Edinburgh: Queens Printer for
Scotland; 2011.
(2) - Breen, L, 2015, Modelling optimisation and the lessons Learned of a Renewable Based Electrical Network- The isle of Eigg. MSc thesis. University of Strathclyde
(3) - Kottek, M. et al. World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated, Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 2016, Vol. 15, No. 3, 259-263
(4)- Ardagh, J. Small Isle Energy Audit, Scottish Island Federation
(5) Valentin. Thermal System Calculator. Retrieved April 2016, from http://valentin.de/calculation/thermal/system/ww/en
Current Configuration:
(1) Green Eigg. Retrieved April 2016, from http://islandsgoinggreen.org/
(2) Breen, L. Modeling, Optimization and the Lessons Learned of a Renewable Based Electrical Network - The Isle of Eigg. University of Strathclyde, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering.
(3) Wind & Sun. Isle of Eigg, Inner Hebrides, Scotland. Retrieved April 2016, from http://www.windandsun.co.uk/case-studies/islands-mini-grids/isle-of-eigg,-inner-hebrides,-scotland.aspx#.Vw0LQGMq-J4
(4) Wind & Sun. Isle of Eigg PV Extention. Retrieved April 2016, from http://www.windandsun.co.uk/case-studies/islands-mini-grids/isle-of-eigg-pv-extension.aspx#.Vw0JvmMq-J4
(5) Wind & Sun. Isle of Eigg New Solar PV System. Retrieved April 2016, from http://www.windandsun.co.uk/case-studies/islands-mini-grids/isle-of-eigg-new-solar-pv-system.aspx#.Vw0JvWMq-J4
Demand Reduction:
(1) Hens, H., Energy efficient retrofit of an end of the row house: Confronting predictions with long-term measurements. Energy and Buildings, 2010. 42: p. 1939-1947.
(2) T. Dixon, R.G., Its payback time. 2008.
(3) BSI. (2005). Code of practice for control of condensation in buildings. London: BSI.
(4) Historic Scotland. (2012). Historic Scotland Refurbishment Case Study 6 . Edinburgh: Crown.
(5) Historic Scotland. (2014). Historic Scotland Refurbishment Case Study 9. Edinburgh: Crown.
(6) Minna Sunikka-Blank, R.G., Irrational homeowners? How aesthetics and heritage values influence thermal retrofit decisions in the United Kingdom. Energy Research & Social Science, 2016. 11: p. 97-108.
(7) Kalliopi Fouseki, M.C., Editorial: Energy Efficiency in Heritage Buildings — Future Challenges and Research Needs the Historic Environment, 2014. 5(2): p. 95-100.
Biomass
(1) Biomass Energy Centre. (2011). Fuel from Woodland. [Online] Available at: http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk
(2) Scottish Wildlife Trust. (2011). The Isle of Eigg - Plants (Species List). [Online] Available at: http://www.isleofeigg.net/plants.html [Accessed March 2016].
(3) Volunteer on Eigg. (n.d). [Online] Available at: www.volunteeroneigg.co.uk
(4) Lars Rytter, Karin Johansson, Bo Karlsson and Lars-Goran Stener. (2013). Chapter 2: Tree Species, Genetics and Regeneration for Bioenergy Feedstock in Northern Europe. In: Forest BioEnergy Production: Management, Carbon sequestration and Adaptation. s.l.:s.n., pp. 7-15.
(5) Biomass Energy Centre. (2011). Fuel from Woodland - Wood Density Spreadsheet. [Online]
(6) Solid Fuel Association (2011). Guide to Wood and Multifuel, Derbyshire: SFA.
(7) Stoves Online. (2015). Wood burning stoves with boilers and back boiler stoves for central heating. [Online] Available at: http://www.stovesonline.co.uk [Accessed Jan-April 2016].D. Palmer, I. Tubby, G. Hogan and W. Rolls, 2011. Biomass
(8) Biomass Energy Centre. (n.d.) Heating: a guide to small log and wood pellet systems, Crown.
(9) Graham and A. Kirk. (2007). John Wheatley College - background and context. [Online] Available at: https://jiscinfonetcasestudies.pbworks.com [Accessed February 2016].
(10) Biomass Energy Centre. (2011). Silvicultural Systems. [Online] Available at: http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk
(11) English Woodland Grant Scheme. (2011). Standard Costs, Forestry Commission England
(12) Washington Department of Ecology. (n.d.) Wood Shed Construction – Is your wood ready to burn?
(13) Nick Marshall. Community Firewood Businesses – Logistics and Profitability. (n.d.) [Online] Available at: www.WoodfuelScotland.org.uk
Electrification of Heat - Heat Pumps:
(1) Energy Saving Trust. (2014). Ground Source Heat Pumps. Retrieved from Improving my home: http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/domestic/ground-source- heat-pumps
(2) Energy Saving Trust. (2014). Renewable Heat Incentive. Retrieved from Energy Saving Trust: http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/domestic/renewable-heat- incentive
(3) Haugerud, L. P. and Lien, I. (2015). Analyse av feltmålinger av varmepumper i boliger. Oslo: Enova SF.
(4) Home Advisors. (2016). How Much Do Heat Pumps Cost to Install or Replace? Retrieved from Home Advisor: http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/heating-and- cooling/install-a-heat-pump/
(5) Karonen, I. (n.d.). Heatpump. Wikimedia public domain. Retrieved from Energy Saving Trust: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heatpump2.svg
(6) Meterologisk Institutt. (2016). Weather statistics for. Retrieved from YR: http://www.yr.no/place/United_Kingdom/Scotland/Isle_of_Eigg/statistics.html
(7) SNL. (2014, September 16). Varmepumpe. Retrieved from Store Norske Leksikon: https://snl.no/varmepumpe
(8) U.S. Department of Energy. (2001). Air-Source Heat Pumps. Washington DC: DOE.
Electrification of Heat - Increased Capacity:
(1) De Bartolo, C. (2015) Strategies for harnessing and integrating renewables into electricity consumption and their application to ecovillages PhD thesis. University of Strathclyde. Available at: http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Documents/MSc_2015/DeBartolo.pdf
(2) MyWindPowerSystem Ltd. (2016, April). 100 kW benz. Retrieved from MyWindPowerSystem Ltd: http://www.mywindpowersystem.com/products/100kw-benz- pmg-dd- 100-direct- drive-permanent-magnet- wind-turbine/
(3) MyWindPowerSystem Ltd. (2016, April). 100kw permanent magnet-direct drive wind turbine. Retrieved from MyWindPowerSystem Ltd: http://www.mywindpowersystem.com/products/ciesse-100wheel- 100kw-permanent- magnet-direct-drive- wind-turbine- 2/
(4) NFU Scotland. (2014). Woodend Farm Biomass, Wind Turbine and Solar Photovoltaics. Berwickshire: NFU Scotland.
(5) Wind and Sun. (2013, July). Isle of Eigg New Solar PV System. Retrieved from Wind and Sun: http://www.windandsun.co.uk/case-studies/islands-mini-grids/isle-of-eigg-new-solar-pv-system.aspx#.VytxQFQrKW8
Electrification of Heat - Unsuitable Technologies:
(1) Photos from:
(2) Breen, L. (2015). Modelling optimisation and the lessons Learned of a Renewable Based Electrical Network -The Isle of Eigg. MSc thesis. University of Strathclyde
(3) The European Wind Energy Association. (2016). Wind Energy Basics. Retrieved March 2016, from http://www.ewea.org/wind-energy-basics/faq
(4) Scotland Info Guide. (2016). Scotland Island Hopping. Retrieved February 2016, from http://www.scotlandinfo.eu/scotland-island-hopping
(5) Forestry Commission Scotland. (2016). Map Viewer. Crown, Ordinance Survey.
(6) ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd. (2016). Atlas of UK Marine Renewable Energy Resources. Southampton.
(7) Tidal Energy Europe. (n.d.). Tidal Barrages. Retrieved March 2016, from http://www.tidalenergy.eu/tidal_barrages.html
(8) Piggott, H. (2003). Sustainable Electricity Supplies for the Isle of Eigg. Isle of Eigg Heritage Trust; Scoraig Wind Electric.
Electrification of Heat - Hot Water & Excess Energy:
(1) Energy Monitoring Company, Energy Saving Thrust. (2008). Measurement of Domestic Hot Water Consumption of Dwellings
(2) DECC, BRE. (2012). The Governments Standard Assessment Procedure for Energy Ratings of Dwellings (SAP 2012)
(3) Forbrukerrådet. (2014). Varmtvannsberedere 2014.
(4) Valentin. Thermal System Calculator. Retrieved April 2016, from http://valentin.de/calculation/thermal/system/ww/en
(5) Wind & Sun. Frequency Controlled Switches. Retrieved April 2016, from http://www.windandsun.co.uk/products/Energy-Monitoring-and-Control/Frequency-Controlled-Switches#.VwelGscq-J4
(6) Wikimedia Foundation. Wikipedia. Retrieved April 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/
(7) Amber Control. Amber Control Home Page. Retrieved April 2016, from http://ambercontrol.com
Electrification of Heat - Modelling Eigg
(1) Breen, L, 2015, Modelling optimisation and the lessons Learned of a Renewable Based Electrical Network- The isle of Eigg. MSc thesis. University of Strathclyde
(2) Zheng, Z., Rongxiang, Z., Huan, Y., & Shengqing, T. (2014). Policies and demonstrations of micro-grids in China: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 701-718.
(3) Rohit, S., & Subhes, C. B. (2014). Off-grid electricity generation with renewable energy technologies in India: An application of HOMER. Renewable Energy, 388-398.
(4) Li, C., Shi, H., Cao, Y., Wang, J., Kuang, Y., Tan, Y., and Wei, J. (2015). Comprehensive review of renewable energy curtailment and avoidance: A specific example in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41:1067–1079.
(5) HOMER. (2012). HOMER help manual. USA: HOMER.
(6) LAMBERT, T., GILMAN, P., & LILIENTHAL, P. (2016). Micropower System Modelling with Homer. USA: HOMER.
Cost Analysis
(1) www.renewableenergyonfarms.co.uk/.../wood_end_farm_case_sheet.pdf
(2) De Bartolo, C. (2015) Strategies for harnessing and integrating renewables into electricity consumption and their application to ecovillages MSc thesis. University of Strathclyde. Available at: http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Documents/MSc_2015/DeBartolo.pdf
(3) http://www.mywindpowersystem.com/products/100kw-benz- pmg-dd- 100-direct- drive-permanent-magnet- wind-turbine/
(4) http://www.mywindpowersystem.com/products/ciesse-100wheel- 100kw-permanent- magnet-direct-drive- wind-turbine- 2/
(5) Manufacturer’s website: http://www.windandsun.co.uk/products/Batteries/Rolls-Batteries#.Vw_qgzArKhc
(6) Manufacturer’s website: http://www.sauleselektrines.lt/en/battery-charge- controllers/sma-sunny-island- 5048
(7) Breen, L. (2015) Modelling, Optimisation and the Lessons Learned of a Renewable Based Electrical Network – The Isle of Eigg MSc thesis. University of Strathclyde. Available at: http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Documents/MSc_2015/Breen.pdf
(8) http://www.hi-energy.org.uk/renewables/communities/eigg-electrification-project.html
© University of Strathclyde | TEC Eigg | Sustainable Engineering 2016