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Bibliography

Useful papers & case studies

Methodology

Abhishek Kumara, ⁎. B. S. A. R. S. Y. D. X. H. P. K. R. B., 2017. A review of multi criteria decision making (MCDM) towards sustainable renewable energy development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Issue 69, p. 596–609.

Buildings & Fabric Improvements

L. Yang, H. Yan, Y. Xu, and J. C. Lam, “Residential thermal environment in cold climates at high altitudes and building energy use implications,” Energy Build., vol. 62, pp. 139–145, 2013.

S. Bodach, W. Lang, and J. Hamhaber, “Climate responsive building design strategies of vernacular architecture in Nepal,” Energy Build., vol. 81, pp. 227–242, 2014.

H. B. Rijal, H. Yoshida, and N. Umemiya, “Seasonal and regional differences in neutral temperatures in Nepalese traditional vernacular houses,” Build. Environ., vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 2743–2753, 2010.

S. C. Dutta, S. Nayak, G. Acharjee, S. K. Panda, and P. K. Das, “Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake of April 25, 2015: Actual damage, retrofitting measures and prediction by RVS for a few typical structures,” Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., vol. 89, pp. 171–184, 2016.

World Bank, “Nepal Rural Housing Reconstruction Program,” 2016.

H. Bahadur RIJAL and H. Yoshida, “Winter Thermal Comfort of Residents in the Himalaya Region of Nepal,” Proceeding Int. Conf. Comf. Energy Use Build. - Get. Them Right (Windsor), Netw. Comf. Energy Use Build., pp. 1–15, 2006.

S. Bodach, W. Lang, and T. Auer, “Design guidelines for energy-efficient hotels in Nepal,” 2016.

PV

Bolanle Omisore, “Nigeria’s Solar Projects Yield Both Failure and Success,” National Geographic News, Nov-2011. [ Online]. Available: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2011/11/111102-solar-power-in-nigeria/. [Accessed: 10-May-2017].

General Electric

R. Nepal, “Roles and potentials of renewable energy in less-developed economies: The case of Nepal,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 2200–2206, 2012.

B. Mainali, “Renewable energy markets in rural electrification: Country case Nepal,” Energy Sustain. Dev., vol. 16, pp. 168–178, 2012.

M. Yang, “Demand side management in Nepal,” Energy, vol. 31, no. 14, pp. 2677–2698, 2006.

L. Papada and D. Kaliampakos, “Developing the energy profile of mountainous areas,” Energy, vol. 107, pp. 205–214, 2016.

Malla, S., 2012. Household energyconsumptionpatternsanditsenvironmental. Energy Policy, Issue 61, p. 990–1002.

Nepal, R., 2012. Roles and potentials of renewable energy in less-developed economies: The Case of Nepal. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Issue 16, p. 2200– 2206.

Anup Gurung a, n. R. b. J. c. K. d. S.-E. a., 2013. Roles of renewable energy technologies in improving the rural energy situation in Nepal: Gaps and opportunities. Energy Policy, Issue 62, p. 1104–1109.

Anup Gurung, A. ,. S., 2012. The prospects of renewable energy technologies for rural electrification: A review from Nepal. Energy Policy, Issue 40, p. 374–380.

Stefania Proiettia, P. S. F. C. A. G. D. A. E. P. ,. D. E. V., 2015. On the possible wind energy contribution for feeding a high altitude Smart Mini Grid. Energy Procedia, Issue 75, p. 1072 – 1079.

S. C. Bhattacharyya and G. R. Timilsina, “Modelling energy demand of developing countries: Are the specific features adequately captured?, ” Energy Policy, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 1979–1990, 2010.

S. Malla, “Household energy consumption patterns and its environmental implications: Assessment of energy access and poverty in Nepal,” Energy Policy, vol. 61, pp. 990–1002, 2013.

K. Rijal, N. K. Bansal, and P. D. Grover, “Rural household energy demand modelling: A case study of Nepal,” Energy Econ., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 279– 288, 1990.

Z. Alex, A. Clark, W. Cheung, L. Zou, and J. Kleissl, “Minimizing the Lead-Acid Battery Bank Capacity through a Solar PV - Wind Turbine Hybrid System for a high-altitude village in the Nepal Himalayas,” Energy Procedia, vol. 57, pp. 1516–1525, 2014.

R. Ramakumar, I. Abouzahr, K. Krishnan, and K. Ashenayi, “Design scenarios for integrated renewable energy systems,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 736–746, 1995.

P. Sandwell et al., “Off-grid solar photovoltaic systems for rural electrification and emissions mitigation in India,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, vol. 156, pp. 147–156, Nov. 2016.

T. Urmee, D. Harries, and A. Schlapfer, “Issues related to rural electrification using renewable energy in developing countries of Asia and Pacific,” Renew. Energy, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 354–357, Feb. 2009.

B. Mainali and S. Silveira, “Alternative pathways for providing access to electricity in developing countries,” Renew. Energy, vol. 57, pp. 299–310, Sep. 2013.

R. C. Poudel, “Quantitative decision parameters of rural electrification planning: A review based on a pilot project in rural Nepal,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 25, pp. 291–300, Sep. 2013.

B. Bhandari, K.-T. Lee, C. S. Lee, C.-K. Song, R. K. Maskey, and S.-H. Ahn, “A novel off-grid hybrid power system comprised of solar photovoltaic, wind, and hydro energy sources,” Appl. Energy, vol. 133, pp. 236–242, Nov. 2014.

J. M. Huacuz, R. Flores, J. Agredano, and G. Munguia, “Field performance of lead-acid batteries in photovoltaic rural electrification kits,” Sol. Energy, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 287–299, Oct. 1995.

R. Parajuli, P. A. Østergaard, T. Dalgaard, and G. R. Pokharel, “Energy consumption projection of Nepal: An econometric approach,” Renew. Energy, vol. 63, pp. 432–444, 2014.

Wind

J. Leary, A. While, and R. Howell, “Locally manufactured wind power technology for sustainable rural electrification,” Energy Policy, vol. 43, pp. 173–183, Apr. 2012.

Hydro

Dr. Vaidya, “Cost and Revenue Structures for Micro-Hydro Projects in Nepal.”

“Low Head Pico-Hydro Promotion Project, Nepal.”

Department of Energy, “Planning a Microhydropower System.” [Online]. Available: https://energy.gov/energysaver/planning-microhydropower-system. [Accessed: 06-May-2017].

Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC), “Mini/Micro Hydro Technology.” [Online]. Available: http://www.aepc.gov.np/index.php?option=renewable&page=subrenewable&mid=2&sub_id=14&id=4. [Accessed: 06-May-2017].

D. Kumar and S. S. Katoch, “Small hydropower development in western Himalayas: Strategy for faster implementation,” Renew. Energy, vol. 77, pp. 571–578, May 2015.

S. P. Koko, K. Kusakana, and H. J. Vermaak, “Micro-hydrokinetic river system modelling and analysis as compared to wind system for remote rural electrification,” Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 126, pp. 38–44, Sep. 2015.

ESMAP, 2000. Best Practices for Sustainable Development of Micro Hydro Power in Developing Countries, Washington: ESMAP.

Anon., 2014. A novel off-grid hybrid power system comprised of solar photovoltaic, wind, and hydro energy sources. Applied Energy, Issue 133, p. 236–242.

PACE, n.d. Case Study: Micro Hydro Scheme, Ghandruk Nepal, s.l.: DFID.

Biogas

S. Cheng, Z. Li, H.-P. Mang, K. Neupane, M. Wauthelet, and E.-M. Huba, “Application of fault tree approach for technical assessment of small-sized biogas systems in Nepal,” Appl. Energy, vol. 113, pp. 1372–1381, 2014.

Hari Katuwal, A. K. B., 2009. Biogas: A promising renewable technology and its impact on rural Nepal. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Issue 13, p. 2668–2674.

S. Bajgain, M. Mendis and I. Shakya, The Nepal Biogas Support Program: a succesful model of public private partnership for rural household energy supply, 1st ed. [Den Haag]: Ministry of Foreign Affairs [u.a.], 2005.

"Economics of yak farming with relation to tourism in Nepal", Agtr.ilri.cgiar.org, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://agtr.ilri.cgiar.org/documents/library/docs/yakpro/SessionA13.htm. [Accessed: 09- May- 2017].

H. Katuwal and A. Bohara, "Biogas: A promising renewable technology and its impact on rural households in Nepal", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 2668-2674, 2009.

J. Martí-Herrero, M. Ceron, R. Garcia, L. Pracejus, R. Alvarez and X. Cipriano, "The influence of users' behavior on biogas production from low cost tubular digesters: A technical and socio-cultural field analysis", Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 27, pp. 73-83, 2015.

N. Laskri, O. Hamdaoui and N. Nedjah, "Anaerobic Digestion of Waste Organic Matter and Biogas Production", Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 181-184, 2015.

I. Nasir, T. Mohd Ghazi and R. Omar, "Anaerobic digestion technology in livestock manure treatment for biogas production: A review", Engineering in Life Sciences, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 258-269, 2012.

K. Surendra, D. Takara, A. Hashimoto and S. Khanal, "Biogas as a sustainable energy source for developing countries: Opportunities and challenges", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 31, pp. 846-859, 2014.

R. Gautam, S. Baral and S. Herat, "Biogas as a sustainable energy source in Nepal: Present status and future challenges", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 248-252, 2009.

A. Yadoo, A. Gormally and H. Cruickshank, "Low-carbon off-grid electrification for rural areas in the United Kingdom: Lessons from the developing world," Energy Policy, no. 39, pp. 6400-6407, 2011.

S. Mandelli, J. Barbieri, R. Mereu and E. Colombo, "Off-grid systems for rural electrification in developing countries: Definitions, classification and a comprehesive literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, no. 58, pp. 1621-1646, 2016.

X. Shi, X. Liu and L. Yao, "Assessment of instruments in facilitating investment in off-grid renewable energy projects," Energy Policy, no. 95, pp. 437-446, 2016.

B. Mainali and S. Silveira, "Financing off-grid rural electrification: Country case Nepal," Energy, no. 36, pp. 2194-2201, 2011.

S. Dahal and R. Shrestha, "Sustainability of Micro-hydropower in Nepal: A case study of Rukum District," Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.

A. Gurung, O. P. Gurung and S. E. Oh, "The potential of a renewable energy technology for rural electrification in Nepal: A case study from Tangting," Renewable Energy, no. 36, pp. 3203-3210, 2011.

B. Mainali and S. Silveira, "Renewable energy markets in rural electrification: Country case Nepal," Energy for Sustainable Development, no. 16, pp. 168-178, 2012.

Improved Cook Stoves

HEDON, n.d. HEDON Stove Database, s.l.: s.n.

S. Malla, "Household energy consumption patterns and its environmental implications: Assessment of energy access and poverty in Nepal", Energy Policy, vol. 61, pp. 990-1002, 2013.

S. Singh, G. Gupta, B. Kumar and U. Kulshrestha, "Comparative study of indoor air pollution using traditional and improved cooking stoves in rural households of Northern India", Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 19, pp. 1-6, 2014.

R. Suresh, V. Singh, J. Malik, A. Datta and R. Pal, "Evaluation of the performance of improved biomass cooking stoves with different solid biomass fuel types", Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 95, pp. 27-34, 2016.

A. Yadoo, A. Gormally and H. Cruickshank, "Low-carbon off-grid electrification for rural areas in the United Kingdom: Lessons from the developing world," Energy Policy, no. 39, pp. 6400-6407, 2011.

X. Shi, X. Liu and L. Yao, "Assessment of instruments in facilitating investment in off-grid renewable energy projects," Energy Policy, no. 95, pp. 437-446, 2016.

B. Mainali and S. Silveira, "Financing off-grid rural electrification: Country case Nepal," Energy, no. 36, pp. 2194-2201, 2011.

S. Dahal and R. Shrestha, "Sustainability of Micro-hydropower in Nepal: A case study of Rukum District," Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.

A. Gurung, O. P. Gurung and S. E. Oh, "The potential of a renewable energy technology for rural electrification in Nepal: A case study from Tangting," Renewable Energy, no. 36, pp. 3203-3210, 2011.

B. Mainali and S. Silveira, "Renewable energy markets in rural electrification: Country case Nepal," Energy for Sustainable Development, no. 16, pp. 168-178, 2012.

Development

C. S. Leung and P. Meisen, “How electricity consumption affects social and economic development by comparing low, medium and high human development countries.”

S. Niu, Y. Jia, L. Ye, R. Dai, and N. Li, “Does electricity consumption improve residential living status in less developed regions? An empirical analysis using the quantile regression approach,” Energy, vol. 95, pp. 550–560, Jan. 2016.

R. Joyeux and R. D. Ripple, “Household energy consumption versus income and relative standard of living: A panel approach,” Energy Policy, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 50–60, Jan. 2007.

A. K. Akella, R. P. Saini, and M. P. Sharma, “Social, economical and environmental impacts of renewable energy systems,” Renew. Energy, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 390–396, Feb. 2009.

R. Pode, G. Pode, and B. Diouf, “Solution to sustainable rural electrification in Myanmar,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 59, pp. 107–118, Jun. 2016.

R. Nepal and T. Jamasb, “Reforming small electricity systems under political instability: The case of Nepal,” Energy Policy, Nov. 2011.

A. Zahnd and H. M. Kimber, “Benefits from a renewable energy village electrification system,” Renew. Energy, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 362–368, Feb. 2009.

M. J. Herington and Y. Malakar, “Who is energy poor? Revisiting energy (in)security in the case of Nepal,” Energy Res. Soc. Sci., vol. 21, pp. 49–53, Nov. 2016.

M. Islar, S. Brogaard, and M. Lemberg-Pedersen, “Feasibility of energy justice: Exploring national and local efforts for energy development in Nepal,” Energy Policy, vol. 105, pp. 668–676, 2017.

G. Pinheiro, G. Rendeiro, J. Pinho, and E. Macedo, “Rural electrification for isolated consumers: Sustainable management model based on residue biomass,” Energy Policy, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 6211–6219, Oct. 2011.

M. Kanagawa and T. Nakata, “Assessment of access to electricity and the socio-economic impacts in rural areas of developing countries,” Energy Policy, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 2016–2029, Jun. 2008.

K. Mala, A. Schläpfer, and T. Pryor, “Better or worse? The role of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in sustainable development: Case studies of remote atoll communities in Kiribati,” Renew. Energy, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 358–361, Feb. 2009.

M. G. Pereira, M. A. V. Freitas, and N. F. da Silva, “Rural electrification and energy poverty: Empirical evidences from Brazil,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1229–1240, May 2010.

B. K. Sovacool, M. J. Bambawale, O. Gippner, and S. Dhakal, “Electrification in the Mountain Kingdom: The implications of the Nepal Power Development Project (NPDP),” Energy Sustain. Dev., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 254–265, 2011.

C. Alvial-Palavicino, N. Garrido-Echeverría, G. Jiménez-Estévez, L. Reyes, and R. Palma-Behnke, “A methodology for community engagement in the introduction of renewable based smart microgrid,” Energy Sustain. Dev., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 314–323, 2011.

S. Ray, B. Ghosh, S. Bardhan, and B. Bhattacharyya, “Studies on the impact of energy quality on human development index,” Renew. Energy, vol. 92, pp. 117–126, 2016.

A. Sapkota, Z. Lu, H. Yang, and J. Wang, “Role of renewable energy technologies in rural communities’ adaptation to climate change in Nepal,” Renew. Energy, vol. 68, pp. 793–800, 2014.

R. Nepal, “Roles and potentials of renewable energy in less-developed economies: The case of Nepal,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 2200–2206, 2012.

Sustainability Analysis