Justification of the low-carbon dwelling

· Lifecycle analysis aspects are not considered.  · The construction of the dwelling and installation of energy systems are not considered. Thermal generation Solar collectors: Based upon what is included to the scope of this project there are no emissions relating to this equipment. GSHP: The heat extracted from the heat pump is considered as renewable. The electricity consumed by the heat pump accounts for carbon emissions which depend upon where the electricity is produced (see below). No other sources of non-renewable heat were used in the case-studies. Electricity The electricity demand is fulfilled by: - Renewable generation on site - Grid Grid electricity (non renewable): We would normally apply a coefficient of 3.2 to calculate the equivalent amount of primary heat consumption (1 kWh of electricity from the grid requires on average 3.2kWh of thermal energy from primary resources). The amount of electricity from the grid which is re-injected from on-site generation is deducted from the total. As we generate more electricity on site than we use the emissions from grid electricity are nil. Renewable electricity generated on site: PV panels No emissions within the scope of this project Non-renewable electricity generated on site: Not applicable as we did not include such option Remark: If CHP was used for instance, then the emissions would be calculated based upon the type of fuel standard CO2 amount emitted per unit mass of fuel. The problem can be complex with bio-diesel or equivalent as some of these fuels processing have a massive carbon footprint in proportion of energy output.