The methodology our team
constructed, focused not of the various relationships involved in building
design but on all the major issues encompassing the integration of renewable
and passive technologies into building design. The methodology operates so that
the design of renewable and passive technology for a building is fully
integrated from the outset.
The methodology is a multistage
process. Within the methodology there is an indication of the decisions that
must be taken by the designers at an early stage as well as the necessary
calculations required for integrated design.
Ultimately the methodology is designed with the purpose of being used by those involved in building design to give a logical direction to the design process.
Stage
One - The first
stage in the design process involves consideration of the building concept,
i.e. the primary function of the building.
Architects and other engineers involved in the complete design of the
building should converse at this early stage in order to produce rough
architectural drawings which would serve the integration of passive, renewable
and active technology which may be suitable for the site in question. The
building is designed for a set number of occupants.
Stage Two - Review any special consideration associated with the site. Carry out
survey. Check planning permission conditions.
Stage Six -
Perform static heat load calculations based on
the rough architectural drawings and building regulation values such as fabric
heat loss. Refer to static heat load calculations.
Stage Seven - Determine the hot water
demands, based on static load calculations. Refer to static water demand calculation.
Stage Eight - Determine
the electrical loads within the building. Refer to Electrical
Loads.
Stage Nine
- Use high
level selection tools to eliminate the integration of those technologies which
are likely to be ineffective economically or environmentally.
Stage Ten- Use detailed analysis for
technologies which are not eliminated by the high level selection tool. Further
analysis could be carried out using modelling software such as ESP-R and Merit
(these programs have been developed at the University of Strathclyde).
Fabric
loss = Q = U A ∆T where U is W/m2K, A is m2 and ∆T is °C
∆T
is Tin – Tout or the difference between the outside temperature and the inside
temperature
In order to calculate a yearly heat load it is necessary to calculate the heat loss for several periods throughout the year. Calculations of the order of around two per month is recommended.
Air
infiltration = P = 0.333NV∆T where N is the air change rate, V is the
volume of air change and ∆T is the temperature difference between inside
and outside.
These
static heat load calculations are simplistic and have a number of drawbacks,
however they are necessary to allow further analysis of the viability of
various technologies to be included within a building.
Q = (daily
water use per person * heat capacity of water * temperature difference) / 3600
= KWhr
Reference to Best Practice Programme Guides
it is possible to estimate the lighting loads when the load is related to floor
area. The electrical loads from other
electrical equipment such as fridges, cookers, coke machines, were based upon
figures from ASRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning Engineers) and CIBSE (Chartered Institute of Building Services
Engineers) Guides. Total electric demand for the various periods throughout the
year is known.
Where Does Our Methodology fit into the Design Process
The first nine stages of our methodology would fit into the Schematic
Design phase and would be used to narrow the renewable, passive and active
technology options for further analysis. Stage 10 of the methodology and would
be carried out at the detailed engineering drawings phase of the Building Design Process.
RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGY SELECTION
TOOL