Boundry Conditions

Project Overview

Location The building is located in Istanbul, Turkey and is to be built north of Istanbul near Arnavutkoy which is just south of the new international airport.

The Building is 70,000 square foot (6,500 square meter), four story mixed use complex. The facility features retail and office spaces, a restaurant, and a hotel in support of the upcoming rapid growth in the area when the airport is completed in 2019.

Building In 3D

South Eleveation

As the South side is the most exposed to solar radiation because Istanbul is in the Northern Hemesphere, we can see that it is mostly windows and glazing facade.

Climate

- It can be noticed from the outdoor temperature diagram that there is a clear summer and winter with temperature rarely fall below zero and the summer temperatures just below 35° Celsius.

- Solar Radiation in Istanbul can be seen in the diagram below, which shows that both direct and diffused solar are higher in the summer and lower in the winter.

- Ambient relative humidity is also high with most of the year being above 80%, this is because Istanbul is close to the Black Sea.

Economic & Regulatory Aspects

Electricity distribution in Turkey is divided into 21 separate regions. The local electricity provider for this region is Boğaziçi Electricity Distribution Company. Reliability is considered below average due to the increases in energy usage due to the improving economy and the slow progress of new installed infrastructure. Average power reliability is around 86% but is improving.

The regulation divides Turkey into four climatic regions to calculate heat insulation standards, and limits the annual energy consumption of new buildings to between 200-250 kWh/ m2 to 100-120 kWh/ m2, almost half of the former specification. Each building must have an energy certificate that specifies its heat requirements.[1]

Commercial rates are as follows for low voltage, 50 hertz power:

Rate Period	Time	Price (Cent/kWh)
Day Rate Period	06:00 to 17:00	12.50
Peak Rate Period	17:00 to 22:00	18.00
Night Rate Period	22:00 to 06:00	9.75

Purchase guarantee. Default electricity suppliers in an area must purchase a certain amount of electricity from companies participating in the RER support mechanism. Where the renewable generator chooses to sell their capacity to the RER support mechanism, a minimum price per kWh is set by regulation.

The current minimum rates are:

- Hydroelectric generation plant, US$ cent/kWh 7.3;

- Wind power plant, US$ cent/kWh 7.3;

- Geothermal power plant, US$ cent/kWh 10.5;

- Biomass energy plant (including landfill gas), US$ cent/kWh 13.3;

- Solar power plant, US$ cent/kWh 13.3.

Generation licenses for solar facilities. The Electricity Market Law No. 6446 (EML) states the following

renewable energy facilities are exempt from needing to obtain a generation license from the EMRA or

incorporate a company:

- Renewable energy generation plants which have a maximum installed capacity of 1 MW;

- Renewable energy generation plants where 100% of the energy generated is consumed on the

same site, without feeding any capacity into the transmission or distribution system.

Propane gas is available to the building by delivered bottle at a simple consumption rate of $7.91/ Mcf.

Natural gas is available at US$0.586/ therm or US$0.02/ kWh or US$5.86/ MBTU’s at 5 PSI from the main

at the street.

Utility rate structures shall be expected to rise at the following rates of escalation.

- Electrical cost will rise at the annual rate of 3.5%

- Propane Gas cost will rise at the annual rate of 3%

- Water and Sewer will rise at the annual rate of 2.5%

Building Description

[1] Tapping the Potential for Energy Savings in Turkey,Sustainable Development Department (ECSSD) Europe and Central Asia Region (ECA) Document of the World Bank, 2011

Boundary Conditions

Project Overview

Location The building is located in Istanbul, Turkey and is to be built north of Istanbul near Arnavutkoy which is just south of the new international airport.

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