Data Analysis Method
To complete our second goal — developing a failure probability for key components — we had to first investigate the raw data to find what the main component failures are. Then, to determine the reasons for the main component failures, so we broke down the factors that could possibly affect failure. We looked at the effect of:
- The number of turbines on site
- The age of the wind farm
- The power rating for the turbine
- The hub height and rotor diameter
- Site characteristics such as:
- Wind Speed
- Capacity Factor
- The turbine density of the wind farm site
- Site topography
Additionally, we looked at more specific factors that could affect failure including:
- The owner of the wind farm
- The turbine manufacturer
The results of this analysis can be found in the Data Relationships section of the website. To quantify the results and to normalize the data for all the variables, we chose to display the results by Failure per GigaWatt hour per year. The power generated was calculated by using re-analysis data, which is wind speed recorded every 6 hours, for nodes across the UK. Then by referencing the appropriate power curve, we were able to predict the production of each wind farm. Due to availability of publicly available data, this calculation of power generated was the most accurate data we could obtain. As a consequence of using this wind data, the calculated capacity factors are slightly higher than normal. However, we were able to get information for some sites, and our values differed by only three or four percent. By using this Failure per GigaWatt-hour per Year value for the Y axis in our graphs, we could compare the number of failures and the time the windfarm works, and we could compare the results by year.
Sources Used
British Wind Energy Association Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform ESRU Wind Resource Prediction Project Blade Failure Images Gearbox Failure Images courtesy of Design Unit: University of Newcastle upon Tyne Turbine Diagram and Generator Failure Images courtesy of British Gear Association Member of the Schaeffler Group