Question:


Name at least 5 building related environmental performance quantities which can be optimised using energy modelling and simulation.

Sample answers:

  1. Airflow within a building could be optimised using energy modelling and simulation. For instance a structure could be modelled in order to assess the feasability of using passive ventilation within it, from both and energy and a thermal comfort point of view.
  2. It could also be used to optimise the buildings lighting profile, ie it could be used to model the natural daylighting of the building by altering geometry, orientation or facade detailing in order to maximse the daylighting potential and minimise the lighting loads.
  3. Energy modelling and simulation could also be used to optimise the conductive properties of a building, ie it could be used to predict and hence prevent thermal bridging and the associated problems.
  4. Alternatively energy modelling and simulation could be used to model the buildings control strategy. Various different control strategies can be applied to the model, and the building performance can be simulated for a number of years, hence allowing the optimisation of control strategies as they have all been tested over extended periods of time. Energy modelling and simulation provides the only practical method of optomising control strategies, as testing in real time would be completely impractical.
  5. Finally the long and shotwave radiation exchange of the building can be modeled and optimised, for a specific purpose, by altering the material properties, surface finishes etc. of the building.
    Thomas Mullen, Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 1996. 
    6.
  1. Modelling and simulation techniques can be employed to investigate the solar radiation entering a building. When the effect of this incoming solar radiation on the building's performance has been determined, measures can be introduced to utilise this solar radiation in a positive way e.g. reducing conventional energy consumption, while also preventing the building from overheating.
  2. Natural daylight entering a building can reduce the reliance on artificial light and hence reduce energy requirements. By using simulation tools, it is possible to determine if natural light can be used and if any problems may arise e.g. glare on surfaces. These problems could be overcome by introducing, say, blinds which could be modelled to analyse their effectiveness.
  3. Thermal comfort within a building is extremely important to ensure occupants are satisfied with their surroundings. By using modelling and simulation, thermal comfort levels can be established and modifications made to optimise conditions e.g. increasing/decreasing heating load.
  4. The overall energy consumption of a building can be found from modelling and simulation. Different control strategies could then be employed to determine whether less energy could be used whilst still maintaining satisfactory comfort levels.
  5. Modelling and simulation tools can be utilised to investigate air flow through a building through cracks in walls and through windows, doors etc. This would then determine levels of thermal discomfort and heat loss within the building. By introducing modifications e.g. double glazing, draught-proofing, the simulation could be repeated to observe any improvements.
    6. Stuart Gadsden, Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 1996.